Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 37
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(3): 340-346, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042585

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de base que afetam a ressuscitação com fluidos em pacientes sépticos. Métodos: Estudo de caso-controle com 181 pacientes consecutivos admitidos a uma unidade de terapia intensiva clínica entre 2012 e 2016 com diagnóstico de sepse. Analisaram-se os dados demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos e laboratoriais. Resultados: Receberam volume ≥ 30mL/kg de fluidos por via endovenosa quando da admissão 130 pacientes (72%). Nas análises univariadas, histórico pregresso de doença arterial coronária e insuficiência cardíaca se associou com menor volume de terapia com fluidos. Nas análises multivariadas, um histórico de insuficiência cardíaca (RC = 2,31; IC95% 1,04 - 5,14) permaneceu significantemente associado com o recebimento de menor volume de fluidos por via endovenosa. A fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda, a função sistólica/diastólica, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e hipertensão pulmonar não se associaram com a quantidade de fluidos por via endovenosa. A quantidade de fluidos administrados por via endovenosa não se associou com diferenças em termos de mortalidade. Durante as primeiras 24 horas, pacientes com antecedentes de insuficiência cardíaca receberam 2.900mL de fluidos endovenosos (1.688 - 4.714mL) em comparação com 3.977mL (2.500 - 6.200mL) recebidos pelos pacientes sem histórico de insuficiência cardíaca (p = 0,02). Conclusão: Pacientes sépticos com história pregressa de insuficiência cardíaca receberam 1L de fluidos por via endovenosa a menos nas primeiras 24 horas, sem diferenças em termos de mortalidade.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the underlying factors that affect fluid resuscitation in septic patients. Methods: The present study was a case-control study of 181 consecutive patients admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit between 2012 and 2016 with a diagnosis of sepsis. Demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory data were analyzed. Results: One hundred-thirty patients (72%) received ≥ 30mL/kg of IV fluids on admission. On univariate analyses, a past history of coronary artery disease and heart failure was associated with less fluid therapy. On multivariate analyses, a history of heart failure (OR = 2.31; 95%CI 1.04 - 5.14) remained significantly associated with receiving less IV fluids. Left ventricular ejection fraction, systolic/diastolic function, left ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension were not associated with IV fluids. The amount of IV fluids was not associated with differences in mortality. During the first 24 hours, patients with a past history of heart failure received 2,900mLof IV fluids [1,688 - 4,714mL] versus 3,977mL [2,500 - 6,200mL] received by those without a history of heart failure, p = 0.02. Conclusion: Septic patients with a past history of heart failure received 1L less IV fluids in the first 24 hours with no difference in mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Sepsis/therapy , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Heart Failure , Case-Control Studies , Retrospective Studies , Middle Aged
2.
Clinics ; 67(5): 415-418, 2012. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-626334

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Urinary lithiasis is a common disease. The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge regarding the diagnosis, treatment and recommendations given to patients with ureteral colic by professionals of an academic hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five physicians were interviewed about previous experience with guidelines regarding ureteral colic and how they manage patients with ureteral colic in regards to diagnosis, treatment and the information provided to the patients. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of the interviewed physicians were surgeons, and 64% were clinicians. Forty-one percent of the physicians reported experience with ureterolithiasis guidelines. Seventy-two percent indicated that they use noncontrast CT scans for the diagnosis of lithiasis. All of the respondents prescribe hydration, primarily for the improvement of stone elimination (39.3%). The average number of drugs used was 3.5. The combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids was reported by 54% of the physicians (i.e., 59% of surgeons and 25.6% of clinicians used this combination of drugs) (p = 0.014). Only 21.3% prescribe alpha blockers. CONCLUSION: Reported experience with guidelines had little impact on several habitual practices. For example, only 21.3% of the respondents indicated that they prescribed alpha blockers; however, alpha blockers may increase stone elimination by up to 54%. Furthermore, although a meta-analysis demonstrated that hydration had no effect on the transit time of the stone or on the pain, the majority of the physicians reported that they prescribed more than 500 ml of fluid. Dipyrone, hyoscine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids were identified as the most frequently prescribed drug combination. The information regarding the time for the passage of urinary stones was inconsistent. The development of continuing education programs regarding ureteral colic in the emergency room is necessary.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Renal Colic/therapy , Ureteral Calculi/therapy , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital , Guideline Adherence , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hospitals, University , Renal Colic , Ureteral Calculi
4.
Indian Pediatr ; 2004 Mar; 41(3): 255-60
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-6736

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of the problem of diarrhea and time of initiation of its management in under five children of different socio economic status, in an urban area of West Bengal. Overall prevalence of diarrhea was 31.67%, highest in lower socio economic class (41%). Prevalence was higher in the girls, though not significant. Acute watery diarrhea was most common (58.9%), followed by dysentery (24. 2 %) and persistent diarrhea (16.9%). Persistent type was inversely proportional to socioeconomic status. Majority of mothers administered fluids or sought treatments within six hours in the middle socioeconomic class but beyond six hours in lower socioeconomic group (P < 0.001). Percentage of children where doctors' advice was implemented within 12 hours was inversely proportional to socio economic status (P <0.001).


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Child, Preschool , Dehydration/etiology , Diarrhea/complications , Female , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India , Infant , Male , Office Visits/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Social Class , Time Factors , Urban Population
5.
Ain-Shams Medical Journal. 2003; 54 (4,5,6): 473-483
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-118323

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the effects of oral maternal hydration on amniotic fluid index, uteroplacental perfusion, fetal blood flow and urine output in pregnant women with oligohydramnios. Prospective interventional cross-sectional study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Minia University Hospital, El Minia, Egypt. Thirty pregnant women with third trimester oligohydramnios. Oral maternal hydration with 21 of water. AF index, maternal uterine artery resistance index, fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries pulsatility indices together with baseline fetal heart rate and maternal urine specific gravity; were measured before and after oral maternal hydration. Amniotic fluid index increased significantly after oral hydration than before [8.15 +/- # 3.15 +/- 1.23 Cm, respectively, P < 0.01]. Uterine artery resistance index decreased significantly after hydration compared to before [60.8 +/- 4.50 # 56.4 +/- 3.3%, respectively, P < 0.01]. Fetal umbilical artery pulsatility index decreased significantly after hydration compared with before [0.95 +/- 0.21 # 1.07 +/- 0.21, respectively, P < 0.01]. Maternal urine specific gravity decreased significantly after oral hydration compared with before [1010.9 +/- 3.2 # 1020.4 +/- 4.6, respectively, P < 0.01]. Fetal hourly urine production increased significantly after hydration compared with before [3.27 +/- 0.9 # 2.88 +/- 1.1 Cc, respectively, P < 0.01]. Maternal oral hydration is an effective, cheap and non-invasive treatment option in oligohydramnios in the third trimester. This, simple method increases the amniotic fluid volume, uteroplacental blood flow and fetal blood flow. Large scale randomized controlled trials are recommended to establish the guidelines of maternal hydration in the management protocol of oligohydramnios


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnant Women , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Placental Circulation , Amniotic Fluid
7.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2000 Sep; 18(2): 103-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-663

ABSTRACT

In rural Bangladesh, mothers were interviewed to identify factors that determine the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for management of diarrhoea in children aged less than 5 years. The point prevalence of diarrhoea among 1,600 children was 11.6%, with 46% having acute watery diarrhoea. The overall ORT-use rate was 29%; only 17% of the cases used it adequately. Common reasons for not using ORS included misperception about diarrhoea and age of patients. Other reasons included incorrect assessments, severity, and difficulties with the administration of oral rehydration solutions. Promotion of ORT can be effected by improving the level of understanding of mothers with regard to assessment of severity, early initiation of treatment regardless of age, sex, type of diarrhoea, breast-feeding, and nutrition status.


Subject(s)
Bangladesh/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/classification , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Prevalence , Rural Population , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors
8.
Caracas; Caligraphy C.A; ene. 1999. 313-24 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-252099

ABSTRACT

La diarrea infantil en Venezuela continúa siendo un problema de salud pública; ocupa el segundo lugar entre las causas de mortalidad infantil en menores de un año, según el anuario epidemiológico de 1994. La OMS define la diarrea aguda como la presencia de dos o más evacuaciones al día, que tomen la forma del recipiente que las contiene, con una duración máxima de ocho días. En la diarrea aguda se establece una falla en el tracto gastrointestinal por conservar agua y electrolitos, con evacuaciones fecales que causan pérdidas de agua de 5-10 ml/kg/día


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Diarrhea, Infantile , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Parenteral Nutrition
9.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 55(2): 65-8, feb. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232669

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Objetivo. comprobar si el atole de maíz es igual o más eficaz que el Vida Suero Oral (VSO) para reducir el gasto fecal alto en niños con diarrea aguda no colérica. Material y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo clínico terapéutico en 34 niños masculinos de 6 a 24 meses de edad, con diarrea aguda no colérica de gasto fecal alto (mayor de 10 mL/kg/hora). Se distribuyeron al azar en 1 de 2 grupos, el grupo A (n=17 recibió una solución de atole de maíz y el grupo B (n=17) recibió VSO. Resultados. La muestra fue homogénea referente a: edad, porcentaje de deshidratación, gasto fecal e ingesta de líquidos totales. Se consideró éxito cuando se obtenía una reducción de 30 por ciento en el gasto fecal durante las primeras 2 horas en relación a su ingreso. En el grupo A se obtuvieron 16 éxitos y 1 frascaso, en el grupo B se lograron 4 éxitos y 13 fracasos (P=0.001). Se observó buena respuesta clínica en ambos grupos, el sodio sérico mostró una diferencia significativa entre grupos al final del estudio, pero siempre en límites de normalidad. Conclusiones. El atole de maíz reduce más eficaz que el VSO el gasto fecal alto en niños con diarrea aguda no colérica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Dehydration/diagnosis , Dehydration/therapy , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/therapy , Edible Grain/metabolism , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Zea mays/metabolism , Rehydration Solutions/administration & dosage , Rehydration Solutions/therapeutic use
10.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 55(2): 106-17, feb. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232676

ABSTRACT

En esta revisión se analizan las características fisiológicas particulares del recién nacidos que influyen en el manejo de líquidos y electrolitos a esta edad, tales como la función renal, la distribución de líquidos y de solutos en períodos fetales y neonatales tempranos, y las características de las pérdidas insensibles de agua en los recién nacidos a término y pretérmino. Así mismo, se analiza la forma de la estimación del déficit, del cálculo de los requerimientos hidroelectrolíticos y de los líquidos de mantenimiento así como de las pérdidas anormales. Se examina el balance ácidobase y se presentan algunas recomendaciones para el control de la efectividad de la terapia hidroelectrolítica. Por último, se analizan algunos trastornos hidroelectrolíticos asociados a condiciones clínicas específicas, haciendo énfasis en el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria y en la diarrea


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/metabolism , Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn/physiology , Infant, Newborn/metabolism , Kidney/physiology , Kidney/metabolism
11.
An. venez. nutr ; 11(1): 28-36, 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-252036

ABSTRACT

La diarrea infantil es un problema de salud pública en Venezuela y el proceso diarreico es un problema clínico que acompaña numerosas patologías. Independientemente de la causa, la diarrea deteriora el estado nutricional del paciente. El déficit nutricional ocurre por el bajo consumo de alimentos, una menor absorción y retención de nutrientes y el incremento en los requerimientos nutricionales. A su vez, el déficit nutricional limita la capacidad inmunitaria y altera la morfología de la mucosa intestinal facilitando el ciclo diarrea-desnutrición. Nuestro interés se ha enfocado en los aspectos nutricionales del manejo del niño con diarrea y en la utilización de los nutrientes durante el proceso diarreico. Realizamos estudios de balance en 165 niños con diarrea aguda y en 15 niños con diarrea aguda y en 15 niños con diarrea prolongada. Encontramos que los niños con diarrea aguda consumen solo un 50-75 por ciento de su requerimiento energético y que la absorción de macronutrientes provenientes de diferentes fuentes alimentarias fue de 55-78 por ciento; siendo la grasa, el nutriente menos afectado por la severidad de la diarrea. Cuantitativamente la reducción en el consumo es el elememto mas importante en el deterioro nutricional. Adicionalmente, hemos realizado estudios de balance en ratas con diarrea inducida por lactosa o bisoxatin acetato encontrando tendencias similares a lo observado en niños. Por tanto, aparte de la rehidratación oral, lo mas importante en el tratamiento del niño con diarrea es lograr un adecuado consumo energético


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Diarrhea, Infantile/classification , Diarrhea, Infantile/diagnosis , Diarrhea, Infantile/pathology , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/etiology , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Immune System Diseases , Lactose/adverse effects , Venezuela
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 38(3): 157-166, mayo-jun. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-180478

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar las variaciones urbano-rurales en la atención del niño de cinco años con enfermedad diarreica (ED). Material y métodos. Con datos de la Encuesta sobre el Manejo Efectivo de Casos de Diarrea en el Hogar 1993, se estudió la atención del episodio de ED en el hogar y por personal de salud, el acceso a servicios de salud y a sales de hidratación oral (SHO), en 338 niños del área urbana y 300 del área rural así como la capacitación de las madres y del personal de salud sobre el manejo de la ED. Las variables de estudio se analizaron comparativamente entre las áreas urbana y rural por medio de la prueba chi cuadrada. Resultados. El uso de terapia de hidratación oral (THO) en el hogar y la continuación de la alimentación habitual fueron mayores en el área rural. En ambas áreas, menos de 50 por ciento de los niños recibieron atención médica; en la urbana fue principalmente por médicos privados. Una tercera parte de los niños ameritan atención y no se solicitó. Los médicos rurales prescribieron más SHO y los urbanos más medicamentos y restricción de alimentos. La THO fue prescrita más por médicos institucionales que por privados. Una mayor proporción de madres del área rural había recibido capacitación, pero el acceso a servicios de salud fue menor. Conclusiones. Debe reforzarse la educación a la población urbanam ampliar la cobertura de servicios de salud en zonas rurales, y favorecer la calidad de la atención principalmente de médicos de áreas urbanas y médicos privados


Objetive.To study the urban and rural variations of medical care for acute diarrhea among children under five years old. Material and methods. Data from the 1993 Effective Household Treatment National Survey were analyzed. A number of 338 children from urban areas and 300 from rural areas were included in the study. Variables included were: household treatment. health-seeking behavior, mothers' previous training to manage acute diarrhea, use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and availability of and access to health care. Results. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) as part of the household treatment and feeding the regular diet were more frequently found in rural areas. Less than 50% of children received medical care in both settings. In urban areas most children were cared for by private physicians. About 30% of children needed medical care but they were not taken to medical facilities. Physicians in rural areas prescribed ORS more frequently, while those from urban areas prescribed medication and restrictive diets in a greater proportion. Physicians working in public facilities prescribed ORT in greater proportions than private ones. Mothers from rural areas had received more training to manage diarrhea but they had restricted access to medical care in comparison to mothers from urban areas. Conclusions. It is necessary to improve health care education of urban populations, to increase access and coverage of health services in rural areas and to strength activities to improve the quality of medical care provided by private physicians and by those working in urban areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Delivery of Health Care , Diarrhea, Infantile/therapy , Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Mexico , Rural Population , Urban Population
16.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 51(8): 507-13, ago. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-142992

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de evaluar el tratamiento del paciente pediátrico con diarrea aguda en unidades del segundo nivel de atención, se revisaron 345 expedientes clínicos de cuatro hospitales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del sur de la Ciudad de México y 144 de los hospitales del Sector Salud en el Estado de Tlaxcala, de niños menores de cinco años hospitalizados por este diagnóstico durante 1991. Las variables estudiadas fueron las características clínicas y el diagnóstico al ingreso, el tratamiento médico durante la hospitalización, la evolución de la enfermedad, las complicaciones y las condiciones al egreso. Se calificó la justificación de la conducta terapéutica y se realizó análisis descriptivo de todos los datos comparando los hospitales de la Ciudad de México con los de Tlaxcala. La mayoría de los casos correspondió a niños menores de un año, con cuadros cortos y con algún grado de deshidratación. En dos terceras partes de los casos no se justificó la hospitalización. El tratamiento otorgado durante la misma fue en general inadecuado, ya que a pesar de que en la mayor parte de los niños se indicó hidratación oral con vida suero oral, se utilizó innecesariamente venoclisis y por tiempo prolongado, hubo indicación frecuente de ayuno o modificaciones dietéticas, prescripción indiscriminada de antimicrobianos y realización excesiva de estudios de laboratorio. Se recomienda que todos los hospitales que atienden niños con diarrea aguda cuenten con salas docente-asistenciales de hidratación oral, donde se efectúe una asistencia adecuada y se otorgue capacitación a las madres de los pacientes y al personal de salud, incluyendo a los médicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care , Therapeutic Approaches/methods , Therapeutic Approaches , Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/therapy , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Fluid Therapy/trends , Hospitals, State/statistics & numerical data , Mexico/epidemiology
17.
Rev. méd. hered ; 5(2): 65-70, jun. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-176305

ABSTRACT

Durante la epidemia del cólera que afecto al Perú en 1991, la población urbana presentó las mayores tasas de ataque y las mas bajas tasas de letalidad. Con el propósito de establecer si el uso doméstico de Sales de Rehidratación Oral podría explicar tal fenómeno, se desarrolló un estudio caso-control entre pacientes con cólera, registrados en el Hospital Regional de la ciudad de Piúra. Los resultados no ofrecen evidencia en favor de la hipótesis citada e indican mas bien que la letalidad por cólera estuvo asociada con el grado de deshidratación al momento de la admisión hospitalaria


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Fluid Therapy , Cholera/epidemiology , Rehydration Solutions/administration & dosage , Fluid Therapy/standards , Fluid Therapy/trends , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Health Services , Cholera/diagnosis , Cholera/mortality , Cholera/therapy , Dehydration/complications , Dehydration/epidemiology , Dehydration/etiology
18.
Indian J Public Health ; 1994 Apr-Jun; 38(2): 73-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-109565

ABSTRACT

Use of ORT is saving 1 million diarrhoeal deaths each year among children. C.S.S.M. programme aims at preventing 70% diarrhoeal deaths, through widespread use of ORT. The present study was carried out to find out the extent of the problem of diarrhoea and utilisation of ORT in three districts of West Bengal. The results showed that the utilisation of ORT was 80.8%, 70.7% and 65% in Howrah, Hooghly and 24-Parganas (South) respectively, during attacks of diarrhoea. The continuing feeding rates were 60.1%, 62.7% and 55.5% in Howrah, Hooghly and 24-Parganas (South) respectively.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/epidemiology , Female , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Prevalence , Rehydration Solutions/therapeutic use
19.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1992 Sep; 23(3): 420-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-32089

ABSTRACT

A hospital based case-control study for assessing the effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) preparation against severe dehydration due to diarrhea was conducted at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 202 children aged 24 months or less who attending the hospital were suffering from acute watery diarrhea were recruited in the study. Those who were severely dehydrated as assessed by WHO criteria were accounted as cases; those who were non-severely dehydrated were accounted as controls. There were 59 cases and 143 controls. A questionnaire was used to interview all study subjects' mothers about ORT usage and various risk factors. Mothers who used ORT were asked to show how they prepared either oral rehydration solution (ORS) or sugar salt solution (SSS). Effectiveness of ORT against severe diarrheal dehydration was based on the formula for assessment of vaccine efficacy by using the odds ratio (OR). With the use of the logistic regression method, an adjusted OR was obtained after controlling various confounders. The effectiveness of ORT against severe diarrheal dehydration was 72.1% for proper ORT preparation and was decreased to 63.2% when ORT was improperly prepared.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Dehydration/epidemiology , Diarrhea, Infantile/complications , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Fluid Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Indonesia/epidemiology , Infant , Likelihood Functions , Regression Analysis
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL